Contains 78 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
CAREX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 972. 1753, nom. cons.
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TYPE: Carex hirta Linnaeus, typ. cons.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carex abscondita | THICKET SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex alata | BROADWING SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex albicans var. australis | WHITETINGE SEDGE | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex albicans var. emmonsii | EMMONS' SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex albolutescens | GREENWHITE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) | ||
| Carex atlantica subsp. atlantica | ATLANTIC SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex atlantica subsp. capillacea | PRICKLY BOG SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex austrodeflexa | Native | |||
| Carex baltzellii | BALTZELL'S SEDGE | Native Threatened-State FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex basiantha | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | |||
| Carex blanda | EASTERN WOODLAND SEDGE | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex bromoides | BROMELIKE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex calcifugens | CALCIUM-FLEEING SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex caroliniana | CAROLINA SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex cephalophora | OVAL-LEAF SEDGE | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex chapmannii | CHAPMAN'S SEDGE | Native Threatened-State FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex cherokeensis | CHEROKEE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex comosa | LONGHAIR SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex complanata | BLUE SEDGE | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex corrugata | EASTERN NARROWLEAF SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) | ||
| Carex crebriflora | COASTALPLAIN SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex crus-corvi | RAVENFOOT SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex dasycarpa | SANDYWOODS SEDGE | Native FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex debilis | WHITE-EDGE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex decomposita | CYPRESSKNEE SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex digitalis | SLENDER WOODLAND SEDGE | Native FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex elliottii | ELLIOTT'S SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex festucacea | FESCUE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex fissa var. aristata | HAMMOCK SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex flaccosperma | THINFRUIT SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex frankii | FRANK'S SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex gholsonii | GHOLSON'S SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) | ||
| Carex gigantea | GIANT SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex glaucescens | CLUSTERED SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex godfreyi | GODFREY'S SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex gracilescens | SLENDER LOOSEFLOWER SEDGE | Native FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex granularis | LIMESTONE MEADOW SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex grayi | GRAY'S SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex hyalinolepis | SHORELINE SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex intumescens | GREATER BLADDER SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex joorii | CYPRESS SWAMP SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex kraliana | KRAL'S SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex laevivaginata | SMOOTHSHEATH SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex leptalea | BRISTLYSTALKED SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex lonchocarpa | SOUTHERN LONGSEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex longii | LONG'S SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) T (WAP) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex louisianica | LOUISIANA SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex lupuliformis | FALSE HOP SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex lupulina | HOP SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex lurida | SHALLOW SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex lutea | GOLDEN SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex microdonta | LITTLETOOTH SEDGE | Native Rare-State FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex mitchelliana | MITCHELL'S SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex muehlenbergii | MUHLENBERG'S SEDGE | Native FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex nigromarginata | BLACK EDGE SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex nigromarginata var. floridana | BLACKEDGE SEDGE | Native FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex oxylepis | SHARPSCALE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex paeninsulae | PENINSULA SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) | ||
| Carex pigra | TARHEEL SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex reniformis | KIDNEYSHAPE SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex retroflexa | REFLEXED SEDGE | Native FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex reznicekii | REZNICEK'S SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex rosea | ROSY SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex seorsa | WEAK STELLATE SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex stipata | AWLFRUIT SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex striata | WALTER'S SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Carex striatula | LINED SEDGE | Native FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex styloflexa | BENT SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex superata | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | |||
| Carex tenax | WIRE SEDGE | Native FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex thornei | THORNE'S SEDGE | Native | ||
| Carex tribuloides | BLUNT BROOM SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex turgescens | PINEBARREN SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex typhina | CATTAIL SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex venusta | DARKGREEN SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex verrucosa | WARTY SEDGE | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex vexans | FLORIDA HAMMOCK SEDGE | Native FACW (DEP) | ||
| Carex vulpinoidea | FOX SEDGE | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) |
Identification Key
1. Culms terminated by a single spike; margin of the staminate scales basally connate (subg. Euthyceras and Uncinia)
1. Culms mostly with 2 or more spikes; margin of the staminate scales free
2
2. Achene lenticular and stigmas 2; spikes sessile; cladoprophylls usually absent (subg. Vignea)
3
2. Achene trigonous and stigmas 3 (if lenticular and stigmas 2, then spikes pedunculate); spikes subsessile to pedunculate; cladoprophylls usually present (on adaxial side of peduncle base, as a tubular sterile sheath or a utriculiform sheath containing a pistillate flower) (subg. Carex)
6
3. Perigynium margins winged (sect. Cyperoideae, including former sect. Ovales)
3. Perigynium margins not winged
4
4. Some spikes gynecandrous (basally staminate, distally pistillate)
4. Spikes androgynous (basally pistillate, distally staminate), rarely otherwise
5
5. Leaf blades 1.4-3 mm wide; spikes not overlapping adjacent ones; perigynia spongy- or corky-thickened near the base (Carex rosea group)
5. Leaf blades 2-15 mm wide; spikes often overlapping adjacent ones; perigynia spongy- or corky-thickened or not near the base (Carex diandra group)
6. Achene lenticular and stigmas 2
6. Achene trigonous and stigmas 3
7
7. Perigynium glaucous or waxy (sect. Glaucescentes)
7. Perigynium not glacuous nor waxy
8
8. Perigynium (including beak) 10-20 mm long; achene body confluent with a hardened, persistent filiform style base (sect. Lupulinae)
8. Perigynium (including beak) 3-10 mm long; achene body with or without a persistent style base
9
9. Perigynium pubescent, or glabrous and leaves short-pilose
10
9. Perigynium glabrous, and leaves glabrous or sometimes papillose
15
10. Perigynium 2-4 mm long (sect. Acrocystis)
10. Perigynium 4-10 mm long
11
11. Pistillate scale truncate and short-aristate, the margin dark chestnut brown, the vein green, the rest hyaline (sect. Pictae)
11. Pistillate scale not truncate and short-aristate
12
12. Achene loose, not filling the perigynium
13
12. Achene tightly or wholely filling the perigynium
14
13. Peryngium 4-10 mm long, gradually tapering to an indistinct beak (sect. Hymenochlaenae, in part)
13. Peryngium 2-6 mm long, distally rounded then abruptly tapered to a distinct beak (sect. Paludosae, in part)
14. Perigynium pubescent (sect. Hallerianae)
14. Perigynium glabrous (sect. Porocystis)
15. Pistillate spikes 3-8 mm wide
16
15. Pistillate spikes 8-25 mm wide
18
16. Pistillate spikes (7)15-80 mm long (sect. Hymenochlaenae, in part)
16. Pistillate spikes 4-12 mm long
17
17. Culms obtustely trigonous; veins of the perigynium impressed to flattish and slightly raised, or raised and perigynium rounded at the base or peryngium sharply trigonous (sect. Griseae)
17. Culms acutely trigonous to faintly winged; veins of the perigynium raised or prominent, perigynium cuneate at the base, terete to rounded-trigonous (sect. Paniceae)
18. Pistillate spikes 1-2(3); achene 1.4-1.9 mm long (sect. Ceratocystis)
18. Pistillate spikes 1-9; achene 1.4-5 mm long
19
19. Perigynium abruptly contracted to a definite beak
20
19. Perigynium tapered to an indefinite beak
21
20. Perigynium body widest above the middle (sect. Squarrosae)
20. Perigynium body widest near or below the middle (sect. Vesicariae, in part)
21. Pistillate spikes congested and overlapping (sect. Vesicariae, in part)
21. Pistillate spikes sparse, mostly not overlapping
22
22. Perigynium with 10-15 (obscure) veins (sect. Paludosae, in part)
22. Perigynium with 20-26 veins (sect. Rostrales)
1. (Key A) Leaves 0.4-1.3 mm wide, usually subequal to shorter than the culm (subg. Euthyceras)
1. Leaves 1.2-4.6 mm wide, usually 1.2-3 times longer than the culm (subg. Uncinia)
2
2. Leaves 1.2-2 times longer than the culm; peduncles usually ascending to nodding; perigynia 6-7.5(8) mm long
2. Leaves 2-3 times longer than the culm; peduncles usually erect; perigynia (7)7.5-11 mm long
1. (Key B, sect. Alatae) Perigynia 2-3.3 times longer than wide
1. Perigynia 1-2 times longer than wide
2
2. Perigynia 1-1.2 times longer than wide
2. Perigynia 1.3-2 times longer than wide
3
3. Spikes tapering to the base; achene occupying ca. 1/2 of the perigynium width
3. Spikes rounded at the base; achene occupying ca. 1/3 of the perigynium width
4
4. Pistillate scale aristate
4. Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate
5
5. Perigynia 4-6.1mm long, 3-4.4 mm wide
5. Perigynia 2.6-4.6 mm long, 1.5-2.8 mm wide
6
6. Pistillate scales acute, the midvein reaching the apex; perignyium beak spreading, slender, the winged margin not reaching the apex; styles laterally sinuous at base
6. Pistillate scales obtuse, the midvein not reaching the apex; perignyium beak appressed-ascending, triangular, the winged margin extending to the apex; styles straight
1. (Key C) Spikes 2-5 times longer than wide; perigynium lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm long, ascending-strict (sect. Deweyanae)
1. Spikes 1-2 times longer than wide; perigynium broadly ovate, 2-3.5 mm long, spreading to spreading-ascending (Carex elongata group)
2
2. Perigynium widest near the middle, the beak smooth
2. Perigynium widest near the base, the beak serrulate
3
3. Leaves 1.6-4(4.5) mm wide; inflorescence (1.5)1.8-5.5 cm long
3. Leaves (0.5)0.8-1.6 mm wide; inflorescence 0.8-2 cm long
1. (Key D, Carex rosea group) Pistillate scale 2-3 mm long; anthers 1.5-2.3 mm long; achene 1.3-1.6 mm long
1. Pistillate scale 1.4-2.1 mm long; anthers 0.8-1.3 mm long; achene 1.6-2.2 mm long
1. (Key E, Carex diandra group) Leaf blades 5-15 mm wide
2
1. Leaf blades 1-5(7) mm wide
4
2. Leaf sheath apex yellow, thickened, not fragile; leaf blade upper surface minutely papillose
2. Leaf sheath apex not yellow, thin, fragile; leaf blade not papillose
3
3. Leaf sheath smooth, red-dotted
3. Leaf sheath rugose, colorless; achene 2 mm long
4. Inflorescence 0.7-2 cm long, capitate
4. Inflorescence 1.5-15(18) cm long, cylindric
5
5. Inflorescence 1.5-4 cm long; achene 1.9-2.2 mm long
5. Inflorescence 3-15(18) cm long; achene 1.2-1.9 mm long
6
6. Inflorescence (6)7-15(18) cm long; peryngium biconvex, deep olive green to dark brown, with 8-11 veins
6. Inflorescence 3-10 cm long; peryngium plano-convex, green to pale brown, veinless or with 3 veins
7
7. Leaves shorter than the flowering stem; inflorescence 3-7 cm long; perigynia 3.2–4 mm long, 2–2.6 mm wide, beak 1/3 length of body
7. Leaves longer than the flowering stem; inflorescence (3)7-10 cm long; perigynia 2–3.2 mm long, 1.3–1.8 mm wide, beak 1/3–1/2 length of body
1. (Key F) Spikes 5-8 mm long; perigynia pubescent (sect. Acrocystis, in part)
1. Spikes 20-80 mm long; perigynia papillose (sect. Phacocystis)
1. (Key G, sect. Glaucescentes) Perigynia with 6-8 prominently veins; pistillate scale tapering to an acute or aristate apex
1. Perigynia veinless or with 3-8 weak veins; pistillate scales retuse or rounded with an aristate tip distinct from the body
2
2. Leaves strongly scabrous on margins and abaxial surface; pistillate spikes spreading to pendent; perigynia faces veinless or with 3-4 faint veins; achenes ellipsoid, longer than wide; fertile Jul-Oct
2. Leaves glabrous or sparsely scabrous on margins and abaxial surface; pistillate spikes erect to ascending; perigynia faces with 3-8 weak veins; achenes rhomboid, length and width subequal; fertile nearly year-round
1. (Key H, sect. Lupulinae) Sheath of the distal nonbracteal leaf 0–1.5(2.5) cm long; beak of perigynium 1.5–4.2 mm long; achenes elliptic or obovate, rounded at the middle
2
1. Sheath of the distal nonbracteal leaf (1.3)1.7-21 cm long; beak of perigynium 4.5–10 mm long; achenes broadly obovate, rhombic, to nearly triangular, rounded, angular, to knobby at the middle
3
2. Perigynia rhombic-ovoid, usually pubescent at least near the base, base cuneate, 8–35 per spike
2. Perigynia lanceoloid to ovoid, glabrous, base rounded, 1–12(20) per spike
3. Perigynia spreading to spreading-ascending; achenes wider than long, widest beyond midle
3. Perigynia ascending, sometimes some spreading-ascending; achenes longer than or as long as wide, widest near middle
4
4. Achenes (2.2)2.4–3.4 mm wide, often nearly as wide as long, angles of achenes knobby
4. Achenes 1.7–2.6(2.8) mm wide, longer than wide, angles of achenes smoothly rounded
5
5. Plants loosely colonial, long-rhizomatous; staminate peduncle (3)6–18 cm long, usually exceeding distal pistillate spike by 2–12 cm
5. Plants loosely cespitose or not, short-rhizomatous; staminate peduncle 0.5–6(7) cm long, shorter than to exceeding distal pistillate spike by <2 cm
1. (Key I, sect. Acrocystis) Pistillate spikes from basal nodes and also at cauline nodes in close proximity to staminate spike
1. Pistillate spikes produced only at cauline nodes in close proximity to staminate spike
2
2. Culms (10)20-45 cm long, the bases (remnants of old leaves) slightly or not at all fibrous; staminate peduncles 0.4–9.9 mm long
3
2. Culms 2–20(27) cm, the bases (remnants of old leaves) slightly to strongly fibrous; staminate peduncles 0.3–1.2 mm long
4
3. Rhizomes 18-70 mm long
3. Rhizomes 0-5(20) mm long
4. Leaves 1.2-2.2(2.5) mm wide; culms 1.9-10(13.7) cm tall
4. Leaves (1.9)2.3-4.5 mm wide; culms (4.5)6.6-38(51) cm tall
1. (Key J, sect. Hymenochlaenae) Base of culms brown from old bladed leaf bases; peryginium beak 2-2.5 mm long with hyaline teeth
1. Base of culms usually with dark maroon bladeless sheaths; peryngium beak 0.3-2 mm long and usually opaque
2
2. Leaf blades pilose and ciliate; perigynia ovoid-oblong to lance-ovoid, 2–6 mm long
2. Leaf blades glabrous and sometimes scabrous; perigynia fusiform to narrowly lance-ovoid, 4.5-9.5 mm long
3
3. Lateral pistillate spikes linear, 2–3 mm wide; pistillate scales white-hyaline with green midrib, less than 1/2 as long as mature perigynia; pistillate flowers attached 2–9 mm apart, each perigynium strongly overlapping only the 1 immediately above; perigynia 2-ribbed, obscurely and unevenly veined between ribs
3. Lateral pistillate spikes cylindric, 4–5 mm wide; pistillate scales chestnut-hyaline with green midrib, at least 1/2 as long as mature perigynia; pistillate flowers usually attached 1–3 mm apart, each perigynium strongly overlapping at least 2 perigynia above; perigynia strongly veind from base to apex
1. (Key K, sect. Paludosae) Leaf blades glaucous; perigynium with 10-15 veins, glabrous
1. Leaf blades green; perigynium with 14-22 veins, pubescent
1. (Key L, sect. Hallerianae) Hairs on distal part of perigynium 0.3-0.4 mm long; achenes 2.5–2.6 mm long, 1.3–1.7 mm wide, stipe to 1 mm long, filling only 1/2 of perigynia
1. Hairs on distal part of perigynium 0.1-0.2 mm long; achenes 3–3.5 mm long, 1.9–2 mm wide, sessile, almost wholly filling perigynia
1. (Key M, sect. Porocystis) Mature perigynia trigonous or plano-convex, ascending
1. Mature perigynia terete, spreading
1. (Key N, sect. Griseae) Perigynia veins raised or prominent
2
1. Perigynia veins impressed to flattish and slightly raised
6
2. Perigynia narrowly ellipsoid to lanceolate, sharply trigonous, the faces flat or concave, the base cuneate
3
2. Perigynia broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, terete to weakly trigonous, the faces convex, the base rounded
4
3. Longest vegetative shoot (1.4)1.7–3.7(4.9) times as long as longest flowering culm; pistillate peduncle usually shorter than its sheath; staminate spikes 0.6–1.4(1.6) mm wide; staminate scales obtuse, those from center of spike 2.6–3.6(3.8) mm long
3. Longest vegetative shoot 0.5–1.3(1.8) times as long as longest flowering culm; pistillate peduncle usually longer than its sheath; staminate spikes (1)1.2–2.7 mm wide; staminate scales acute, those from center of spike 3.6–5.5 mm long
4. Rhizomes elongate, >15 mm long, culms mostly solitary; terminal spike and distal lateral spike (unless staminate) usually separated; proximal spikes usually arising from proximal 1/2 of culms
4. Rhizomes absent or short, <15 mm long, culms cespitose; terminal spike and distal lateral spike usually overlapping; proximal spikes usually arising from distal 1/2 of culms
4
5. Leaves not glaucous; longest bract blade of distal lateral spike 1.5–4.5(7) cm; ligule of proximal bract 0.5–6.5 mm long; perigynia (1.6)1.9–3 times as long as wide
5. Leaves usually glaucous; longest bract blade of distal lateral spike 4–16 cm; ligule of proximal bract (2)3–18(26) mm long; perigynia 1.4–2.2(2.4) times as long as wide
6. Culm bases brown; leaf blades glaucous
7
6. Culm bases purplish or reddish; leaf blades not glaucous
8
7. Pistillate spikes (5)5.7–8(9.6) mm wide; perigynia (4)4.2–5.5(6) mm long; achene bodies 0.4–0.5 times as long as perigynia, the achene beak straight to bent less than 30°
7. Pistillate spikes (3.3)4.2–6.1(7.3) mm wide; perigynia (3.7)3.9–4.5(4.7) mm long; achene bodies 0.5–0.7 times as long as perigynia, the achene beak usually bent 30–90°
8. Proximal bracts with sheaths loose; perigynia spirally imbricate
9
8. Proximal bracts with sheaths tight; perigynia distichously imbricate
10
9. Purple-red part of culm base 0.3–2.4(7.3) cm high; widest leaf blades 3.3–8(9.1) mm wide; achene stipes 0.2–0.6 mm long
9. Purple-red part of culm base (3.4)4–7.3 cm high; widest leaf blades 2.4–4(5.3) mm wide; achene stipes 0.6–0.9 mm long
10. Longest lateral spike with (2)5–8 perigyina (including undeveloped or aborted ones); perigynia 2.1–2.5(2.7) times as long as wide, apex usually abruptly contracted, the beak (0.3)0.5–1.2 mm long
10. Longest lateral spike with 6–12 perigynia (including undeveloped or aborted ones); perigynia (2.4)2.5–3.3 times as long as wide, apex gradually tapering, beakless or beak 0.1–0.4 mm long
11
11. Plant loosely cespitose, rhizome internodes 7-58 mm long; longest vegetative shoot 1.4–2.2 times as long as longest culm; longest peduncle of terminal spike 0.9–3.2(6.8) cm; 2 distalmost lateral spikes usually overlapping
11. Plant cepsitose, rhizome internodes to 6.4 mm long; longest vegetative shoot 0.5–1.3 times as long as longest culm; longest peduncle of terminal spike (2.2)5.1–8.9(10.4) cm; 2 distalmost lateral spikes usually widely separate or occassionally overlapping
1. (Key O, sect. Paniceae) Bract blades of distal lateral spikes lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, wider than spikes, concealing them when viewed from abaxial surface, widest bract blade of distalmost lateral spike (2.9)3.2–8.3 mm wide
1. Bract blades of distal lateral spikes linear, narrower than spikes, not concealing them, widest bract blade of distalmost lateral spike 0.5–3.4 mm wide
2
2. Base of leaves purplish or reddish
2. Base of leaves brownish
3
3. Perigynia 2.5–3.8(4.1) mm long, 1.5–1.9 times as long as achene bodies; beak 0.2–0.6 mm long
3. Perigynia (3.3)3.4–5.5 mm long, 1.9–2.3 times as long as achene bodies; beak 0.5–1.7 mm long
4
4. Distal lateral spikes overlapping; terminal spike exceeded by or subequal to distal lateral spike; perigynia ascending; peduncle of proximalmost spike arising in distal 1/2 of culm
4. Distal lateral spikes separate; terminal spike clearly exceeding distal lateral spike; perigynia ascending or spreading; peduncle of proximalmost spike arising in proximal 1/3 of culm
5
5. Longer peduncles of proximal lateral spikes 4.6–14 times as long as spikes they subtend; perigynia spreading
6
5. Longer peduncles of proximal lateral spikes 1.4–3.3(5.3) times as long as spikes they subtend; perigynia ascending
7
6. Plant long-rhizomatous, rhizomes elongate, <1.5 mm wide, >20 mm long
6. Plant densely cespitose, rhizomes absent or short, >1 mm wide, <30 mm long
7. Widest leaf on vegetative shoots, including overwintered leaves, 2–6(7) mm wide; medial pistillate spikes loosely flowered with the ratio of number of perigynia to spike length 0.2–0.5
7. Widest leaf on vegetative shoots, including overwintered leaves, 6-14 mm wide; medial pistillate spikes densely flowered with the ratio of number of perigynia to spike length 0.5–1.0
1. (Key P, sect. Squarrosae) Terminal spike largely staminate; pistillate scales with long awns, exceeding perigynia bodies; achenes 1.2–2.1 mm long
1. Terminal spike gynecandrous; pistillate scales with short awns or awnless, completely hidden by perigynia; achenes 2–3 mm long
1. (Key Q, sect. Vesicariae) Pistillate spikes 10-15 mm long; pistillate scales awnless, margins entire
1. Pistillate spikes 15-50 mm long; pistillate scales scabrous-awned, margins often ciliate
2
2. Perigynia with 12–25 veins, veins (except for 2 prominent laterals) confluent at or proximal to mid beak, bodies elliptic to lance-ovate, 1–2.2 mm wide; achenes smooth
2. Perigynia with 5–12 veins, veins separate nearly to apex, bodies broadly elliptic to rotund, (1.8)2–4.2 mm wide; achenes rough-papillose
1. (Key R, sect. Rostrales) Perigynia lanceolate, (8.3)10.5–15.6 mm long, 4–7 times as long as wide, apex gradually tapered, bidentulate; achene beak absent
1. Perigynia ovate to narrowly ovate, 6.4–10.7 mm long, 2.6–3.9 times as long as wide, apex contracted; achene beak 1.3–3 mm long
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agistron | Agistron Rafinesque, Good Book 28. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Anthista | Anthista Rafinesque, Good Book 26. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Bitteria | Bitteria Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 269. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 269. 1913. | TYPE: Bitteria digitata (Linnaeus) Boerner (Carex digitata Linnaeus) | |
| Callistachys | Callistachys Heuffel, Flora 27: 528. 1844, non Ventenat 1805 | TYPE: Callistachys pyrenaica (Wahlenberg) Heuffel (Carex pyrenaica Wahlenberg) | |
| Chionanthula | Chionanthula Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 275. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 275. 1913. | TYPE: Chionanthula baldensis (Linnaeus) Boerner (Carex baldensis Linnaeus) | |
| Cryptoglochin | Cryptoglochin Heuffel, Flora 27: 528. 1844. | TYPE: Cryptoglochin curvulus (Allioni) Heuffel (Carex curvula Allioni) | |
| Cyperoides | Cyperoides Seguier, Pl. Veron. 3: 73. 1754. | TYPE: = Carex Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Dapedostachys | Dapedostachys Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 265. 1913; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 265. 1913. | TYPE: Carex steudelii Kunth | |
| Desmiograstis | Desmiograstis Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 274. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 274. 1913. | TYPE: Carex contigua Hoppe | |
| Deweya | Deweya Rafinesque, Good Book 26. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Diemisa | Diemisa Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Echinochlaenia | Echinochlaenia Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 264. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 264. 1913. | TYPE: Carex tasmanica Kuekenthal | |
| Edritria | Edritria Rafinesque, Good Book 26. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Facolos | Facolos Rafinesque, Good Book 26. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Forexeta | Forexeta Rafinesque, Good Book 28. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Genersichia | Genersichia Heuffel, Flora 27: 528. 1844. | TYPE: Genersichia obtusata (Liljeblad) Heuffel (Carex obtusata Liljeblad) | |
| Indocarex | Indocarex (Baillon ex Kuekenthal) Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 275. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 275. 1913. | BASIONYM: Carex Linnaeus, subg. Indocarex Baillon ex Kuekenthal, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(Heft 38): 251. 1909. | TYPE: Carex indica Linnaeus |
| Itheta | Itheta Rafinesque, Good Book 28. 1840. | TYPE: Itheta breviseta (Torrey) Rafinesque (Uncinia breviseta Torrey) | |
| Kolerma | Kolerma Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Kukenthalia | Kukenthalia Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 266. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 266. 1913. | TYPE: Kuekenthalia secalina (Wahlenberg) Boerner) Carex secalina Wahlenberg) | |
| Lamprochlaenia | Lamprochlaenia Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 272. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 272. 1913. | TYPE: Lamprochlaenia nitidia Boerner (Carex nitida Host 1801, non Hoppe 1800) | |
| Leptovignea | Leptovignea Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 273. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 273. 1913. | TYPE: Leptovignea elongata (Linnaeus) Boerner (Carex elongata Linnaeus) | |
| Leucoglochin | Leucoglochin Heuffel, Flora 27: 528. 1844. | TYPE: Leucoglochin pauciflorus (Lightfoot) Heuffel (Carex pauciflorus Lightfoot) | |
| Limivasculum | Limivasculum Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 268. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 268. 1913. | TYPE: Limivasculum caespitosum (Goodenough) Boerner (Carex caespitosa Goodenough) | |
| Loncoperis | Loncoperis Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Loxanisa | Loxanisa Rafinesque, Good Book 25. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Loxotrema | Loxotrema Rafinesque, Good Book 25. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Manochlaenia | Manochlaenia Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 271. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 271. 1913. | TYPE: Carex grisea Wahlenberg | |
| Maukschia | Maukschia Heuffel, Flora 27: 527. 1844. | TYPE: Maukschia davalliana (Smith) Boerner (Carex davalliana Smith) Lectotypified by Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 263. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 263. 1913. | |
| Neskiza | Neskiza Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Olamblis | Olamblis Rafinesque, Good Book 26. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Olotrema | Olotrema Rafinesque, Good Book 25. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Onkerma | Onkerma Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Osculisa | Osculisa Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Physiglochis | Physiglochis Necker ex Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Proteocarpus | Proteocarpus Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 266. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 266. 1913. | TYPE: Proteocarpus sylvaticus (Hudson) Boerner (Carex sylvatica Hudson) | |
| Pseudocarex | Pseudocarex Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. 2: 146. 1866. | TYPE: Pseudocarex plantaginea (Lamarck) Miquel (Carex plantaginea Lamarck) | |
| Psyllophora | Psyllophora Heuffel, Flora 27: 528. 1844. | TYPE: Psyllophora vulgaris Heuffel, nom. illegit. (Carex pulicaris Linnaeus) | |
| Rhaptocalymma | Rhaptocalymma Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 272. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 272. 1913. | TYPE: Rhaptocalymma incurva (Lightfoot) Boerner (Carex incurva Lightfoot) | |
| Rhynchopera | Rhynchopera Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 272. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 272. 1913, non Klotzsch 1844. | TYPE: Rhynchopera paniculata (Linnaeus) Boerner (Carex paniculata Linnaeus) | |
| Schelhammeria | Schelhammeria Moench, Suppl. Meth. 119. 1802, non Schelhameria Heister ex Fabricius 1759, nec Schelhammera R. Brown 1810. | TYPE: Schelhammeria capitata Moench, nom. illegit. (Carex bohemica Schreber) | |
| Temnemis | Temnemis Rafinesque, Good Book 27. 1840. | TYPE: Temnemis scouleri (Torrey) Rafinesque (Carex scouleri Torrey) | |
| Thysanocarex | Thysanocarex Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 274. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 274. 1913. | TYPE: Thysanocarex muskingumensis (Schweinitz) Fedde & Schuster (Carex muskingumensis Schweinitz) | |
| Trasus | Trasus Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 53. 1821. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Triplima | Triplima Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 195. 1819. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Ulva | Ulva Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 496, 615. 1763, non Linnaeus 1753. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Vignea | Vignea Palisot de Beauvois ex Lestiboudois f., Essai Cyp. 22. 1819. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Vignidula | Vignidula Boerner, Bot.-Syst. Not. 275. 1912; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 275. 1913. | TYPE: Carex nikoensis Franchet & Savatier |