Contains 15 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
ILEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 125. 1753.
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TYPE: Ilex aquifolium Linnaeus Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 486. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilex ambigua | CAROLINA HOLLY; SAND HOLLY | Native | ||
| Ilex amelanchier | SARVIS HOLLY; SERVICEBERRY HOLLY | Native Threatened-State OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Ilex cassine var. cassine | DAHOON | Native FACW (NWPL) OD (WAP) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Ilex cassine var. myrtifolia | MYRTLE DAHOON | Native FACW (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Ilex coriacea | LARGE GALLBERRY; SWEET GALLBERRY | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Ilex cornuta | CHINESE HOLLY | Not Native | ||
| Ilex decidua | POSSUMHAW | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Ilex glabra | INKBERRY; GALLBERRY | Native FACW (NWPL) AD (WAP) | ||
| Ilex krugiana | TAWNYBERRY HOLLY; KRUG'S HOLLY | Native Threatened-State | ||
| Ilex longipes | GEORGIA HOLLY | Native FAC (NWPL) | ||
| Ilex opaca var. arenicola | SCRUB HOLLY | Native | ||
| Ilex opaca var. opaca | AMERICAN HOLLY | Native FAC (NWPL) FAC (DEP) | ||
| Ilex verticillata | COMMON WINTERBERRY | Native FACW (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Ilex vomitoria | YAUPON | Native FAC (NWPL) FAC (DEP) | ||
| Ilex x attenuata | EAST PALATKA HOLLY; TOPAL HOLLY | Native |
Identification Key
1. Leaf blade apex with a rigid prickle 1 mm long or longer, the margins entire or spinose like the leaf apex
2
1. Leaf blade apex unarmed, bristle-tipped, or with a prickle less than 1 mm long, the margins entire, crenate, dentate, serrate, to spinulose-serrate
4
2. Inflorescence sessile, many-flowered, on older part of branch
2. Flower singular or in many-flowered, pedunculate inflorescence, on recent growth
3
3. Leaf blades light green, 1--2.5 cm wide, the margin distinctly revolute
3. Leaf blades dark green, mostly 2.5--5.5 cm wide, the margin flat or only slightly revolute
4. Leaf blade entire or with few, sparse teeth mostly above the middle
5
4. Leaf blade crenate, dentate, or serrate at or below the middle and towards the apex
10
5. Leaf blade margin crenate-serrulate above the middle (rarely entire), the midvein often evanescent near or just above the middle
5. Leaf blade with the margin spinulose-serrate, denticulate, or entire, the midvein conspicuous above the middle, evanescent only at the apex
6
6. Leaf blade upper side not lustrous, the underside with prominent, conspicuous secondary (and often reticulate) venation
6. Leaf blade upper side lustrous, underside with obscure secondary venation
7
7. Leaf blade with minute black punctations on the lower surface; fruit dark red to purple-black
7. Leaf blade without minute black punctations on the lower surface; fruit yellow to red
8
8. Leaf blade tip usually acuminate, rounded at the base; inflorescence sessile
8. Leaf blade tip acute to obtuse, the base cuneate; inflorescence pedunculate
9
9. Leaves more than 1 cm wide; branchlets short-pilose or occasionally glabrous; secondary branches at an angle of less that 45̊ from main branch
9. Leaves less than 1 cm wide; branchlets minutely strigose-puberulent; secondary branches at an angle greater than 45̊ from the main branch
10. Leaf blade margin mostly crenate
11
10. Leaf blade margin mostly dentate to serrate, or teeth mucronulate
13
11. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, with a subtruncate base; without spur branches
11. Leaves deciduous, subcoriaceous, with a narrow cuneate base; often with spur branches
12
12. Leaf blades 0.4-0.9 cm wide
12. Leaf blades 1-2.5 cm wide
13. Pedicels 10-23 mm long; calyx lobes 4; pyrene with a hard, ribbed endocarp
13. Pedicels 2-8 mm long; calyx lobes 5-8; pyrene with a soft, smooth or hard, ribbed endocarp
14
14. Leaf blade margin mostly finely serrate; pyrene with a soft, smooth endocarp; of hydric to mesic-hydric areas
14. Leaf blade margin more coarsely serrate; pyrene with a hard, ribbed endocarp; of xeric to mesic-xeric areas
15
15. Larger leaves 2-4(5) cm long
15. Larger leaves (5)6-10 cm long
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ageria | Ageria Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 46. 1838, non Adanson 1763. | TYPE: = Macoucoua Aublet 1775. | |
| Ageria | Ageria Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 166. 1763, p. p. | TYPE: = Prinos Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Agrifolium | Agrifolium Hill, Brit. Herb. 520. 1757 ("1756"). | TYPE: = Ilex Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Aquifolium | Aquifolium Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. 1754. | TYPE: = Ilex Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Arinemia | Arinemia Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 49. 1838. | TYPE: Arinemia lanceolata Rafinesque (Prinos lanceolatus Pursh 1814, non Hill 1770) | |
| Braxylis | Braxylis Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 51. 1838. | TYPE: Braxylis obcordata (Swartz) Rafinesque (Ilex obcordata Swartz) | |
| Chomelia | Chomelia Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. 42. 1827 ("1825"), non Linnaeus 1758, nec Jacquin 1760. | TYPE: Chomelia amara Vellozo | |
| Ennepta | Ennepta Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 52. 1838. | TYPE: Ennepta myricoidea Rafinesque, nom. illegit. (Prinos glaber Linnaeus) = Winterlia Moench 1794. | |
| Labatia | Labatia Scopoli, Intr. Hist. Nat. 197. 1777, nom. rej. vs. Labatia Swartz 1788. | TYPE: = Macoucoua Aublet 1775. | |
| Macoucoua | Macoucoua Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 88, t. 34. 1775. | TYPE: Macoucoua guianensis Aublet | |
| Othera | Othera Thunberg, Nov. Gen. Pl. 3: 56. 1783. | TYPE: Othera japonica Thunberg | |
| Paltoria | Paltoria Ruiz Lopez & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 13. 1794. | TYPE: Paltoria ovalis Ruiz Lopez & Pavon | |
| Pileostegia | Pileostegia Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 32(1): 276. 1859, non Hooker f. & T. Thomson 1857. | TYPE: Pileostegia mexicana Turczaninow | |
| Prinodia | Prinodia Grisebach, Abh. Koenigl. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen 7: 224. 1857. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Prinos | Prinos Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 330. 1753. | TYPE: Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus Lectotypified by Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 59. 1838. | |
| Pseudehretia | Pseudehretia Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 607. 1863. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Synstima | Synstima Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 48. 1838. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Winterlia | Winterlia Moench, Methodus 74. 1794. | TYPE: Winterlia triflora Moench, nom. illegit. (Prinos glaber Linnaeus) |