Contains 20 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
HELIANTHUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 904. 1753.
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TYPE: Helianthus annuus Linnaeus Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 477. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helianthus agrestis | SOUTHEASTERN SUNFLOWER | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Helianthus angustifolius | NARROWLEAF SUNFLOWER; SWAMP SUNFLOWER | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Helianthus annuus | COMMON SUNFLOWER | Not Native FAC (NWPL) | ||
| Helianthus argophyllus | SILVERLEAF SUNFLOWER | Not Native | ||
| Helianthus atrorubens | PURPLEDISK SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus carnosus | LAKESIDE SUNFLOWER; FLATWOODS SUNFLOWER | Native Rare-State FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Helianthus debilis subsp. cucumerifolius | CUCUMBERLEAF DUNE SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus debilis subsp. debilis | EAST COAST DUNE SUNFLOWER | Native FAC (NWPL) | ||
| Helianthus debilis subsp. vestitus | WEST COAST DUNE SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus divaricatus | WOODLAND SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus floridanus | FLORIDA SUNFLOWER | Native FACW (NWPL) FAC (DEP) | ||
| Helianthus heterophyllus | VARIABLELEAF SUNFLOWER | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Helianthus hirsutus | HAIRY SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus microcephalus | SMALL WOODLAND SUNFLOWER | Native UPL (NWPL) | ||
| Helianthus occidentalis | FEWLEAF SUNFLOWER | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Helianthus radula | STIFF SUNFLOWER | Native FAC (NWPL) | ||
| Helianthus resinosus | RESINDOT SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus simulans | MUCK SUNFLOWER | Not Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Helianthus strumosus | PALELEAF WOODLAND SUNFLOWER | Native | ||
| Helianthus tuberosus | JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE | Not Native FACU (NWPL) |
Identification Key
1. Plant subscapose, the basal leaves persistent, up to 4 nodes of cauline leaves; leaves not glandular-punctate; heads 1-4(12)
2
1. Plant leafy throughout, the basal leaves often withering, leafy cauline nodes numerous; leaves sometimes glandular-punctate; heads 1-
5
2. Stems (and leaves) usually glabrous; disc corolla lobes yellow
2. Stems (and leaves) usually hispid or hirsute to scabrous; disc corolla lobes yellow or reddish
3
3. Ray florets 0 or 2–8, laminae 1–2(–10) mm (inconspicuous, often tinged reddish)
3. Ray florets 8–13(–25), laminae (7–)10–40 mm (yellow)
4
4. Phyllaries lanceolate to ovate (the larger 3+ mm wide); abaxial faces usually not gland-dotted (if gland-dotted, cypselae 5–6 mm); disc corolla lobes reddish or yellow
4. Phyllaries lanceolate (the larger 1.5–2.5 mm wide); abaxial faces of leaves (and usually ray laminae) notably gland-dotted; disc corolla lobes yellow; cypselae 3–5 mm
5. Leaves 0.2-1.1(1.7) cm wide
5. Leaves 1.1-40 cm wide
6
6. Disc corollas reddish or purplish
7
6. Disc corollas yellow
15
7. Stems (leaves, phyllaries) densely silvery white tomentose or floccose
7. Stems (leaves, phyllaries) hispid to glabrate
8
8. Petioles 0-1.2 cm long; leaf blades 4-12 times longer than wide
9
8. Petioles 1-10+ cm long (at least of larger leaves, petiole sometimes winged from decurrent leaf bases); leaf blades 1.3-3(4) times longer than wide
11
9. Annual; leaves not glandular-punctate; phyllaries 15-25, eglandular
9. Perennial, rhizomatous; leaves glandular-punctate; phyllaries 25-38, glandular-punctate
10
10. Leaf blade margins usually undulate and revolute
10. Leaf blade margins not undulate, not or only slightly revolute
11. Phyllaries oblong, ovate, to lance-ovate
12
11. Phyllaries lanceolate
13
12. Leaves primarily alternate, blade base mostly shortly cuneate to subtruncate; involucre 15-200+ mm wide
12. Leaves primarily opposite, blade base decurrent along the petiole; involucre 9-16 mm wide
13. Stem erect, hispid, usually red-brown mottled; peduncles 25-50 cm long
13. Stem decumbent, glabrous to hispid or hirsute; peduncles 9-20(22) cm long
14
14. Stems glabrous to puberulent; leaf blades serrulate or shallowly, regularly serrate, lower surface sparsely, if at all, glandular-punctate
14. Stems hirsute; leaf blades deeply, irregularly serrate, lower surface densely glandular-punctate
15. Tuber-bearing and rhizomatous; petioles 2-8 cm long
15. Rhizomatous or not, without tubers; petioles 0-3 cm long
16
16. Phyllaries glandular-punctate, usually squarrose to reflexed; leaf blade bases
16. Phyllaries eglandular, appressed, ascending, to loosely spreading
17
17. Petioles 0-1.2 cm long
18
17. Petioles (0.5)1-3 cm long
20
18. Stem glabrous to glabrate; leaf blade base often subcordate, often partly overlapping with the stem
18. Stem hispid; leaf blade base cuneate, not overlapping with the stem
19
19. Leaf blade margins usually undulate and revolute
19. Leaf blade margins not undulate, not or only slightly revolute
20. Stem hirsute
20. Stem glabrous to glabrate
21
21. Lacking rhizomes; involucre 5-7 mm wide; ray flowers 5-8; disc flowers 15-22
21. Rhizomatous; involucre 8-20 mm wide; ray flowers 10-20; disc flowers 30-60
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Discomela | Discomela Rafinesque, Neogenyton 3. 1825. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Echinomeria | Echinomeria Nuttall, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2. 7: 356. 1840. | TYPE: Echinomeria apetala (Torrey ex Nuttall) Nuttall (Rudbeckia apetala Torrey ex Nuttall) | |
| Harpalium | Harpalium (Cassini) Cassini, in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 20: 299. 1821. | BASIONYM: Helianthus Linnaeus, subg. Harpalium Cassini, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 141. 1818. | TYPE: Harpalium rigidum Cassini |
| Leighia | Leighia Cassini, in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 435. 1822, non Scopoli 1777. | TYPE: Leighia bicolor Cassini, nom. illegit. (Helianthus angustifolius Linnaeus) Lectotypified by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 56. 1874. | |
| Linsecomia | Linsecomia Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 458. 1861. | TYPE: Linsecomia glauca Buckley | |
| Ochronelis | Ochronelis Rafinesque, Atl. J. 153. 1832. | TYPE: Ochronelis sulfurea Rafinesque | |
| Vosacan | Vosacan Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 130, 619. 1763. | TYPE: = Helianthus Linnaeus 1753. |