Contains 7 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
ECHINOCHLOA Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, pl. 11(2). 1812, nom. cons. vs. Tema Adanson 1763.
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TYPE: Echinochloa crus-galli (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois (Panicum crusgalli Linnaeus) Lectotypified by Nash, in Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 1: 133. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echinochloa colona | JUNGLE RICE | Not Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Echinochloa crus-galli | BARNYARDGRASS | Not Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Echinochloa crus-pavonis | GULF COCKSPUR | Not Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Echinochloa muricata | ROUGH BARNYARDGRASS | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Echinochloa paludigena | FLORIDA COCKSPUR | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Echinochloa polystachya | CREEPING RIVER GRASS | Not Native | ||
| Echinochloa walteri | COAST COCKSPUR | Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP) |
Identification Key
1. Ligules hispid, at least on the lower leaves
1. Ligules absent, glabrous, or short-pubescent
2
2. Leaf sheaths, at least the lowermost, distinctly hirsute or hispid or papillose, usually with papilla-based trichomes
2. Leaf sheaths glabrous or rarely with a few scattered soft trichomes
3
3. Lateral branches of the panicle simple, <2 cm long, with spikelets in four regular rows; spikelets awnless
4
3. Lateral branches of panicle sometimes rebranched, often >2 cm long, with spikelets in irregular rows; spikelets awned or awnless
5
4. Inflorescence branches ascending to spreading; spikelets disarticulating at maturity, the grain shed
4. Inflorescence branches often incurved; spikelets plump, not disarticulating at maturity, the grain persisting (E. frumentacea)
5. Lemma of the fertile floret narrowly ovate or ellipsoid
5. Lemma of fertile floret broadly ovate or ellipsoid
6
6. Shiny, coriaceous apex of the fertile lemma acute or obtuse, sharply differentiated into a withering, membranous tip and with a ring of short trichomes at the separation of the two zones
7
6. Shiny, coriaceous apex of the fertile lemma acute to acuminate, gradually differentiated into the membranous tip and without a ring of short trichomes (although the apex may be setulose)
8
7. Inflorescence branches (at least some) ascending to spreading; spikelets green to purplish, disarticulating at maturity, the grain shed, awns absent or prolific (to 3 mm long)
7. Inflorescence branches often incurved; spikelets plump, purplish brown, not disarticulating at maturity, the grain persisting, awns absent or few (to 2 mm long) (E. esculenta)
8. Lower floret (the floret not enclosed by the coriaceous lemma) of the spikelet sterile or absent; anthers of upper florets (floret enclosed by coriaceous lemma) 0.4-1.2 mm long
8. Lower floret (the floret not enclosed by the coriaceous lemma) of the spikelet male; anthers of upper florets (floret enclosed by coriaceous lemma) 1.2--1.7 mm long
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ornithospermum | Ornithospermum Durande, Fl. Bourgogne 1: 495. 1782. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Tema | Tema Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 496. 1763, nom. rej. vs. Echinochloa Palisot de Beauvois 1812. | TYPE: = Echinochloa Palisot de Beauvois 1812. |