Spiranthes

Contains 16 accepted taxa overall.

Characteristics
Spiranthes Rich.
ORCHIDACEAE
LADIESTRESSES
View USF Herbarium specimens of this family
Classification
ASPARAGALES
Spiranthes
Citation
SPIRANTHES Richard, Orchideis Eur. Annot. 20, 28, 36. 1817; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 42, 50, 58. 1818, nom. cons. vs. Orchiastrum Seguier 1754.
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TYPE: Spiranthes autumnalis Richard, nom. illegit., typ. cons. (Ophrys spiralis Linnaeus; Spiranthes spiralis (Linnaeus) Chevalier)
Distribution Map Present

This species have been reported in the counties highlighted.

Species
Scientific Name Common Name Herbarium Specimens Status Photos
Spiranthes amesiana AMES' LADIESTRESSES Native FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes brevilabris TEXAS LADIESTRESSES; SMALL LADIESTRESSES Native Rare-State FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes cernua NODDING LADIESTRESSES Native FACW (NWPL)
Spiranthes floridana FLORIDA LADIESTRESSES Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes igniorchis FIRE LADIESTRESSES Native
Spiranthes lacera EATON'S LADIESTRESSES Native FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes laciniata LACELIP LADIESTRESSES Native Threatened-State FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes longilabris LONGLIP LADIESTRESSES; GIANTSPIRAL LADIESTRESSES Native Threatened-State FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes odorata FRAGRANT LADIESTRESSES; MARSH LADIESTRESSES; UNDERWATER ORCHID Native OBL (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata OCTOBER LADIESTRESSES; LESSER LADIESTRESSES Native Rare-State FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes ovalis var. ovalis OCTOBER LADIESTRESSES; LESSER LADIESTRESSES Native Rare-State FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes praecox GREENVEIN LADIESTRESSES Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes torta SOUTHERN LADIESTRESSES Native Rare-State FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes triloba Native
Spiranthes tuberosa LITTLE LADIESTRESSES; LITTLE PEARL-TWIST Native Threatened-State FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Spiranthes vernalis SPRING LADIESTRESSES Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP)
Identification Key
1.  Trichomes sharply pointed, not capitate; flowering Apr-Jun
S. vernalis
1.  Trichomes blunt, capitate, not pointed, or plant glabrous
2
2.  Inflorescence rachis and flowers moderately to densely pubescent
3
2.  Inflorescence rachis and flowers glabrous, or sparsely to semi-moderately pubescent
9
3.  Labellum with a patch of papillae
4
3.  Labellum not papillate
5
4.  Flowers not fragrant; lateral sepals held parallel or below the flower; flowering Feb-Apr
S. brevilabris
4.  Flowers fragrant; lateral sepals usually sweeping upward; flowering Aug-Nov
S. triloba
5.  Leaves broadly lanceolate, to 49 cm long; flowers intensely fragrant; flowering Nov-Jan, Apr
S. odorata
5.  Leaves linear to oblanceolate, to 13 cm long; flowers not fragrant (or only faintly)
6
6.  Labellum centrally yellow; flowering Apr-Jul
S. laciniata
6.  Labellum centrally white (occasionally faint yellow in S cernua); flowering Aug-Nov
7
7.  Lateral sepals flattened
S. cernua
7.  Lateral sepals cupped
8
8.  Viscidium and rostellum absent; flower autogamous
S. ovalis var. erostellata
8.  Viscidium and rostellum present; flower chasmogamous
S. ovalis var. ovalis
9.  Flowers <4 mm long; flowering Jun-Jul
S. tuberosa
9.  Flowers >4 mm long
10
10.  Leaves oblanceolate to obovate
11
10.  Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or absent
12
11.  Labellum centrally yellow; flowering Feb-Jun
S. floridana
11.  Labellum centrally green; flowering Feb-Apr, Nov
S. lacera
12.  Labellum coloration restricted to prominent veins; flowering Mar-May
S. praecox
12.  Labellum coloration solid
13
13.  Lateral sepals held moderately oblique to widely-spreading, slightly upwardly falcate; flowering Aug-Dec
14
13.  Lateral sepals held slightly oblique, moderately downwardly falcate; flowering Apr-Jun
15
14.  Lateral sepals slightly oblique; flowering Aug-Sep
S. igniorchis
14.  Lateral sepals moderately oblique to widely-spreading; flowering Oct-Dec
S. longilabris
15.  Labellum ovate to broadly lanceolate, the apex acute, the margin crenulate-ciliate margin; basal calli long-pubescent
S. amesiana
15.  Labellum oblong, the apex obtuse, the margin undulate; basal calli glabrous
S. torta
Genus Synonyms
Synonym Full Citation Basionym Type
Aristotelea Aristotelea Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 516, 522. 1790, non L'Heritier de Brutelle 1784. TYPE: Aristotelea spiralis Loureiro
Gyrostachys Gyrostachys Persoon ex Blume, Collect Orch. 127. 1859. TYPE: Ophrys spiralis Linnaeus Lectotypified by Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 663. 1891. = Spiranthes Richard 1817, by lectotypification.
Ibidium Ibidium Salisbury ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., ed. 2. 318. 1913. TYPE: Ophrys spiralis Linnaeus Lectotypified by House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 380. 1905. = Spiranthes Richard 1817, by lectotypification.
Monustes Monustes Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 87. 1837 ("1836"). TYPE: Monustes australis (R. Brown) Rafinesque (Neottia australis R. Brown)
Orchiastrum Orchiastrum Seguier, Pl. Veron. 3: 252. 1754, nom. rej. vs. Spiranthes Richard 1817. TYPE: Ophrys spiralis Linnaeus = Spiranthes Richard 1817.
Triorchis Triorchis Petiver ex Nieuwland, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 122. 1913. TYPE: Ophrys spiralis Linnaeus = Spiranthes Richard 1817.
Tussacia Tussacia Rafinesque ex Desvaux, Obs. Pl. Environ Angers 91. 1818. TYPE: Ophrys spiralis Linnaeus Lectotypified by Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28: 360. 1980. = Spiranthes Richard 1817, by lectotypification.