Contains 17 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
OENOTHERA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 346. 1753.
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TYPE: Oenothera biennis Linnaeus Lectotypified by Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 330. 1905.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oenothera biennis | COMMON EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Oenothera curtiflora | VELVETWEED | Native UPL (NWPL) | ||
| Oenothera curtissii | CURTISS' EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native | ||
| Oenothera drummondii | BEACH EVENINGPRIMROSE | Not Native | ||
| Oenothera filipes | SLENDERSTALK BEEBLOSSOM | Native | ||
| Oenothera fruticosa | SUNDROPS; NARROWLEAF EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Oenothera grandiflora | LARGEFLOWER EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native | ||
| Oenothera grandis | SHOWY EVENINGPRIMROSE | Not Native | ||
| Oenothera humifusa | SEABEACH EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native | ||
| Oenothera laciniata | CUTLEAF EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Oenothera lindheimeri | LINDHEIMER'S BEEBLOSSOM | Not Native | ||
| Oenothera linifolia | THREADLEAF EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native | ||
| Oenothera nutans | NODDING EVENINGPRIMROSE | Native | ||
| Oenothera rosea | ROSE EVENING PRIMROSE | Not Native | ||
| Oenothera simulans | SOUTHERN BEEBLOSSOM | Native | ||
| Oenothera sinuosa | WAVYLEAF BEEBLOSSOM | Not Native | ||
| Oenothera speciosa | PINKLADIES | Not Native |
Identification Key
1. (Key A) Pedicel slender to filiform, 2-8 mm long
2
1. Pedicel stubby, 0-1 mm long
3
2. Petals 4-6 mm long
2. Petals 8-10 mm long
3. Flowers dense, overlapping along the inflorescence; sepals 2-3.5 mm long; petals 1.5-3 mm long
3. Flowers spaced, mostly not overlapping or only a few overlapping near the inflorescence tip; sepals 4-15 mm long; petals 4-20 mm long
4
4. Stem short-hirsute; sepals 12-15 mm long; petlas 12-20 mm long
4. Stem sparsely loose-uncinate; sepals 4-12 mm long; petals 4-10 mm long
1. (Key B) Leaf blades linear-filiform, <1 mm wide
1. Leaf blades >1 mm wide
2
2. Flower buds drooping; petals white to pink
2. Flower buds erect; petals yellow
3
3. Plant densely strigulose throughout, the leaf blades grayish green; of coastal habitats
4
3. Plant glabrate to strigulose or villous, usually the leaf blades and sepals green and not consistently densely strigulose; habitats various
5
4. Basal leaves 5-14 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, the cauline 0.5-2.5 cm wide; sepals 1.3-3.3 cm long; petals 2-4.5 cm long; stigma exserted beyond the anthers
4. Basal leaves 4-8 cm long, 0.7-1 cm wide, the cauline 0.3-1.5 cm wide; sepals 0.3-1.1 cm long; petals 0.5-1.6 cm long; stigma not exserted beyond the anthers
5. Plant usually 0.8-3 m tall; larger leaves (5-)8-25 cm long, 1-5 cm wide; seeds prismatic and angled
6
5. Plant usually <1 m tall; larger leaves to 10 cm long, 2 cm wide; seeds ellipsoid to subglobose or ovoid and angled
8
6. Calyx lobes 2.5-5 cm long; petals 4-6 cm long; styles 2-5 mm long, longer than the anthers
6. Calyx lobes 1-2.5 cm long; petals 1-2.5 cm long; styles 3-17 mm long, subequaling the anthers
7
7. Hypanthium and fruit villous to hirsute
7. Hypanthium and fruit glabrate
8. Flowers mostly opening around sunrise and closing around evening; fruit 4-angled, obovoid to broadly clavate
8. Flowers opening in evening and closing around morning; fruit subcylindric
9
9. Petal apex acute to rounded
9. Petal apex truncate to emarginate
10
10. Petals 2.5-4 cm long; style 4-7.5 cm long, the part exserted from the floral tube 1.5-3 cm long, stigma lobes exserted above the anthers
10. Petals 0.5-2.5 cm long; style 2-5 cm long, the part exserted from the floral tube 0.3-2(-2.5) cm long, stigma lobes surrounded by or slightly elevated above the anthers
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anogra | Anogra Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2. 4: 164. 1835; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 339. 1835. | TYPE: Anogra douglasiana (Spach) Spach (Baumannia douglasiana Spach) Substitute name for Baumannia Spach 1835, non de Candolle 1834. | |
| Baumannia | Baumannia Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 351. 1835, non de Candolle 1834. | TYPE: Baumannia douglasiana Spach = Anogra Spach 1835. Lectotypified by Raven, Brittonia 16: 287. 1964. | |
| Blennoderma | Blennoderma Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 406. 1835. | TYPE: Blennoderma drummondii Spach | |
| Brunyera | Brunyera Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 648. 1899. | TYPE: = Oenothera Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Cratericarpium | Cratericarpium Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 397. 1835. | TYPE: Cartericarpium artyrophyllum Spach, nom. illegit. (Oenothera subulata Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) | |
| Dictyopetalum | Dictyopetalum (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Baillon, Dict. Bot. 2: 410. 1886. | BASIONYM: Unknown. | TYPE: Oenothera concinna D. Don ex Sweet |
| Gaura | Gaura Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 347. 1753. | TYPE: Gaura biennis Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Gaurella | Gaurella Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23; 183. 1896. | TYPE: Gaurella guttulata Small, nom. illegit. (Oenothera guttulata Geyer ex Nooker, nom. illegit.; Oenothera canescens Torrey & Fremont; Gaurella canescens (Torrey & Fremont) A. Nelson) | |
| Gauridium | Gauridium Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 379. 1835. | TYPE: Gauridium mutabile (Cavanilles) Spach (Gaura mutabilis Cavanilles) Lectotypified by Raven, Brittonia 16: 286. 1964. | |
| Gauropsis | Gauropsis (Torrey & Fremont) Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 30: 351. 1900, non C. Presl 1851. | BASIONYM: Oenothera Linnaeus, subsect. Gauropsis Torrey & Fremont, in Fremont, Rep. Explor. Exped. 315. 1845. | TYPE: = Gaurella Small 1896. |
| Hartmannia | Hartmannia Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 370. 1835. | TYPE: Hartmannia faux-gaura Spach, nom. illegit. (Oenothera rosea Aiton; Hartmannia rosea (Aiton) G. Don) Lectotypified by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 1: 1564. 1874. | |
| Kneiffia | Kneiffia Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 373. 1835. | TYPE: Kneiffia glauca (Michaux) Spach (Oenothera glauca Michaux) Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 599. 1913. | |
| Lavauxia | Lavauxia Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 366. 1835. | TYPE: Lavauxia triloba (Nuttall) Spach (Oenothera triloba Nuttall) Lectotypified by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 42. 1872. | |
| Megapterium | Megapterium Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 4: 363. 1835. | TYPE: Megapterium nuttallianum Spach Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 605. 1913. | |
| Onagra | Onagra Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. 1754. | TYPE: = Oenothera Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Pachylophus | Pachylophus Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 365. 1835. | TYPE: Pachylophus nuttallii Spach, nom. illegit. (Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall; Pachylophus caespitosus (Nuttall) Raimann) | |
| Peniophyllum | Peniophyllum Pennell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 373. 1919. | TYPE: Peniophyllum linifolium (Nuttall) Pennell (Oenothera linifolia Nuttall) | |
| Pseudo-oenothera | Pseudo-oenothera Ruprecht, Fl. Ingr. 365. 1860. | TYPE: Pseudo-oenothera virginiana Ruprecht, nom. illegit. (Oenothera biennis Linnaeus) = Oenothera Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Raimannia | Raimannia Rose ex Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 596. 1913. | TYPE: Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose ex Britton & A. Brown (Oenothera laciniata Hill) | |
| Schizocarya | Schizocarya Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Nist. Nat. 4: 325, 381. 1835; Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2. 4: 170. 1835. | TYPE: Schizocarya micrantha Spach 1835, nom. illegit. (Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehmann 1830.) Lectotypified by Raven, Brittonia 16: 286. 1964. | |
| Usoricum | Usoricum Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 481. 1916. | TYPE: = Oenothera Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Xylopleurum | Xylopleurum Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 378. 1835. | TYPE: Xylopleurum nuttallii Spach, nom. illegit. (Oenothera speciosa Nuttall; Xylopleurum speciosum (Nuttall) Raimann) |