Contains 13 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
CROTON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1004. 1753.
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TYPE: Croton tiglium Linnaeus Lectotypified by Small, in Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 454. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croton argyranthemus | SILVER CROTON;HEALING CROTON | Native | ||
| Croton discolor | LECHECILLO | Not Native | ||
| Croton elliottii | ELLIOTT'S CROTON | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Croton glandulosus var. floridanus | VENTE CONMIGO | Native Endemic | ||
| Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis | VENTE CONMIGO | Native | ||
| Croton humilis | PEPPERBUSH | Native Endangered-State | ||
| Croton lindheimeri | WOOLLY CROTON; HOGWORT | Native | ||
| Croton linearis | PINELAND CROTON; GRANNYBUSH | Native | ||
| Croton michauxii | RUSHFOIL; MICHAUX'S CROTON | Native | ||
| Croton punctatus | GULF CROTON; BEACH TEA | Native | ||
| Croton texensis | TEXAS CROTON | Not Native | ||
| Croton trinitatis | ROADSIDE CROTON | Not Native | ||
| Croton willdenowii | WILLDENOW'S CROTON | Native |
[Family identification key]
1. Leaf blade coarsely serrate to crenate
2
1. Leaf blade entire, undulate, rarely with teeth
4
2. Leaf blade deltate-lanceolate
2. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic
3
3. Leaf blades 0.5-2 cm long, glabrate; fruit glabrate
3. Larger leaf blades 1.8-7 cm long, stellate-pubescent; fruit stellate-pubescent
4. Leaf blade underside densely silvery lepidote, the scales ciliate, silvery and often brownish centrally, the underside appearing brown-speckled silvery
5
4. Leaf blade underside stellate-pubescent, lacking scales, not appearing brown-speckled silvery
8
5. Leaf blade 2-7 mm wide, linear to linear-lanceolate; fruit 1-seeded
6
5. Leaf blade 7-45 mm wide, elliptic to ovate; fruit 3-seeded
7
6. Leaf blade upper surface trichomes not overlapping; inflorescence 1-3 cm long; fruit scales with a minute central disc with long radial arms
6. Leaf blade upper surface trichomes overlapping; inflorescence 0.2-1 cm long; fruit scales with a broad central disc with very short radial arms
7. Herbs to subshrubs to 60 cm tall; petioles <½ length of the blade; leaf blades primarily elliptic; staminate petals 5, pistillate petals absent
7. Shrubs to 1 m tall; petioles mostly >½ length of the blade; leaf blades primarily ovate; staminate and pistillate petals absent
8. Leaf blades primarily ovate to lanceolate with deltoid-acute apices, the lateral veins usually conspicuous on the blade underside
9
8. Leaf blades primarily linear, elliptic, to oblong, infrequently ovate-lanceolate, with rounded, obtuse, to rounded-acute apices, the lateral veins obscured to inconspicuous, rarely a few conspicuous on the blade underside
10
9. Shrub with generally sparse pubescence, not densely woolly, sometimes glandular; leaf blade with only 1 pair of basal lateral veins, the midrib scarcely prominent to flat on the underside
9. Annual herb with densely woolly pubescence especially on young tissue, eglandular; leaf blade usually with 2-3 pairs of basal lateral veins, the midrib stout and prominent on the underside
10. Shrubs; petiole with 2 glands at the apex
11
10. Annual herbs; petiole lacking glands
12
11. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, with a somewhat stout cuspidate (sometimes involute) apex
11. Leaf blade linear to oblong with a minute mucro at the flat apex
12. Plant monoecious; inflorescence bisexual; staminate petals 5, 0.8-1 mm long; pistillate petals absent; fruit smooth; seeds 4-4.5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide
12. Plant dioecious; inflorescence unisexual; staminate and pistillate petals absent; fruit verrucose; seeds 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Angelandra | Angelandra Endlicher, Gen. Pl., Suppl. 5: 91. 1850, non Endlicher 1843. | TYPE: Croton ellipticus Nuttall 1818, non Geiseler 1807. Substitute name for Engelmannia Klotzsch 1841, non A. Gray ex Nuttall 1840. | |
| Anisophyllum | Anisophyllum Boivin ex Baillon, Etude Euphorb. 376. 1858, non Jacquin 1763, nec Haworth 1812. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Astrogyne | Astrogyne Bentham, Pl. Hartw. 14. 1839. | TYPE: Astrogyne crotonoides Bentham, nom. illegit. (Croton gracilis Kunth) | |
| Barhamia | Barhamia Klotzsch, in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 104. 1853. | TYPE: Barhamia panamensis Klotzsch Lectotypified by L. C. Wheeler, Taxon 24: 534. 1975. | |
| Brachystachys | Brachystachys Klotzsch, in Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 47. 1843. | TYPE: Brachystachys hirta (L'Heritier de Brutelle) Klotzsch (Croton hirtus L'Heritier de Brutelle) | |
| Calypteriopetalum | Calypteriopetalum Hasskarl, Flora 40: 531. 1857. | TYPE: Calypteriopetalum brasiliense Hasskarl | |
| Cascarilla | Cascarilla Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 355. 1763. | TYPE: Clutia cascarilla Linnaeus | |
| Centrandra | Centrandra H. Karsten, Linnaea 28: 440. 1857. | TYPE: Centrandra hondensis H. Karsten | |
| Cieca | Cieca Adanson, Fam. Pl. 3: 355. 1763, nom. rej. vs. Julocroton Martius 1837. | TYPE: Croton argenteus Linnaeus | |
| Cleodora | Cleodora Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 196. 1841. | TYPE: Cleodora sellowiana Klotzsch | |
| Comatocroton | Comatocroton H. Karsten, Wochenschr. Gaertnerei Pflanzenk. 2: 6. 1859. | TYPE: Comatocroton ovalifolius H. Karsten | |
| Crotonopsis | Crotonopsis Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 185, t. 46. 1803. | TYPE: Crotonopsis linearis Michaux | |
| Cyclostigma | Cyclostigma Klotzsch, in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 104. 1853, non Hochstetter ex Endlicher 1842. | TYPE: Cyclostigma panamense Klotzsch Lectotypified by L. C. Wheeler, Taxon 24: 535. 1975. | |
| Decarinium | Decarinium Rafinesque, Neogenyton 1. 1825. | TYPE: Decarinium glandulosum (Linnaeus) Rafinesque (Croton glandulosus Linnaeus) | |
| Drepadenium | Drepadenium Rafinesque, Neogenyton 2. 1825. | TYPE: Croton maritimus Walter | |
| Engelmannia | Engelmannia Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 253. 1841, non A. Gray ex Nuttall 1840. | TYPE: Engelmannia nuttalliana Klotzsch, nom. illegit. (Croton ellipticus Nuttall) = Gynamblosis Torrey 1853. | |
| Eremocarpus | Eremocarpus Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulphur 53, pl. 26. 1844. | TYPE: Eremocarpus setigerus (Hooker) Bentham (Croton setigerus Hooker) | |
| Eutropia | Eutropia Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 196. 1841. | TYPE: Eutropia brasiliensis Klotzsch, nom. illegit. (Croton polyandrus Sprengel) | |
| Friesia | Friesia Sprengel, Anleit. Kenntn. Gew., ed. 2. 2: 885. 1818. | TYPE: = Crotonopsis Michaux 1803. | |
| Geiseleria | Geiseleria Klotzsch, London J. Bot. 2: 47. 1843, non Klotzsch 1841. | TYPE: Geiseleria chamaedrifolia (Lamarck) Klotzsch (Croton chamaedrifolius Lamarck) | |
| Geiseleria | Geiseleria Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 254. 1841. | TYPE: Geiseleria glandulosa (Linnaeus) Klotzsch (Croton glandulosus Linnaeus) = Decarinium Rafinesque 1825. | |
| Gynamblosis | Gynamblosis Torrey, in Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 295. 1853. | TYPE: Croton ellipticus Nuttall Substitute name for Engelmannia Klotzsch 1841, non A. Gray ex Nuttall 1840. | |
| Halecus | Halecus Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 62. 1838. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Hendecandra | Hendecandra Eschscholtz, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg Hist. Acad., ser. 5. 10: 287. 1826. | TYPE: Hendecandra procumbens Eschscholtz | |
| Heptallon | Heptallon Rafinesque, Neogenyton 1. 1825. | TYPE: Heptallon graveolens Rafinesque Lectotypified by G. L. Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 111. 1994. | |
| Heterochlamys | Heterochlamys Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 16: 61. 1843. | TYPE: Heterochlamys quinquenervia Turczaninow | |
| Heterocroton | Heterocroton S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4: 461. 1895. | TYPE: Heterocroton mentiens S. Moore | |
| Julocroton | Julocroton Martius, Fora0(2, Beibl.): 119. 1837, nom. cons. vs. Cieca Adanson 1763. | TYPE: Julocroton phagedaenicus Martius 1837. | |
| Klotzschiphytum | Klotzschiphytum Baillon, Etude Euphorb. 382. 1858. | TYPE: Klotzschiphytum mauritianum (Lamarck) Baillon (Croton mauritianus Lamarck) | |
| Lasiogyne | Lasiogyne Klotzsch, , Meyen, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 418. 1843. | TYPE: Lasiogyne brasiliensis Klotzsch | |
| Leptemon | Leptemon Rafinesque, Med. Repos., ser. 2. 5: 352. 1808. | TYPE: = Crotonopsis Michaux 1803. | |
| Luntia | Luntia Necker ex Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 62. 1838. | TYPE: Luntia sericea Rafinesque, nom. illegit. (Croton sericeus Lamarck, nom. illegit.; Croton matourense Aublet) | |
| Medea | Medea Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 198. 1841. | TYPE: Medea hirta Klotzsch | |
| Meialisa | Meialisa Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 63. 1838. | TYPE: Meialisa australis Rafinesque, nom. illegit. (Croton quadripartitus Labilliere) | |
| Myriogomphos | Myriogomphos Didrichsen, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjoebenhavn 1857: 142. 1857. | TYPE: Myriogomphos fuscus Didrichsen | |
| Ocalia | Ocalia Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 195. 1841. | TYPE: Croton perdicipes A. Saint-Hilaire Lectotypified by L. C. Wheeler, Taxon 24: 537. 1975. | |
| Odotalon | Odotalon Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 66. 1838. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Penteca | Penteca Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 62. 1838. | TYPE: Penteca tomentosa Rafinesque, nom. illegit. (Croton dioicus Cavanilles) | |
| Pilinophytum | Pilinophytum Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 255. 1841. | TYPE: Pilinophytum capitatum (Michaux) Klotzsch (Croton capitatus Michaux) | |
| Piscaria | Piscaria Piper, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 382. 1906. | TYPE: Piscaria setigera (Hooker) Piper (Croton setigerus Hooker) = Eremocarpus Bentham 1844. | |
| Podostachys | Podostachys Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 193. 1841. | TYPE: Podostachys subfloccosa Didrichsen Lectotypified by L. C. Wheeler, Taxon 24: 537. 1994. | |
| Ricinoides | Ricinoides Gagnebin, Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 2: 60. 1755, non Miller 1754. | TYPE: = Croton Linnaeus 1753. | |
| Schradera | Schradera Willdenow, Goett. J. Naturwiss. 1: 2, t. 2. 1798, non Schradera Vahl 1796 (nom. cons.), nec Schraderia Heister ex Medikus 1791 (nom. rej.) | TYPE: Schradera scandens Willdenow Lectotypified by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2(2): 1090. 1874. | |
| Semilta | Semilta Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 63. 1838. | TYPE: Semilta altheifolia (Miller) Rafinesque (Croton althaeifolius Miller) | |
| Tiglium | Tiglium Klotzsch, in Meyen, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 418. 1843. | TYPE: Tiglium officinale Klotzsch (Croton tiglium Linnaeus) = Croton Linnaeus 1753, by lectotypification. | |
| Timandra | Timandra Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7(1): 197. 1841. | TYPE: Croton serratus Mueller Argoviensis Lectotypified by L. C. Wheeler, Taxon 24: 538. 1975. | |
| Tridesmis | Tridesmis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 540, 576. 1790. | TYPE: Non designatus. | |
| Triplandra | Triplandra Rafinesque, Sylva Tellur. 62. 1838. | TYPE: Triplandra lanata (Loureiro) Rafinesque (Croton lanatus Loureiro) |