Contains 12 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
VIOLA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 933. 1753.
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TYPE: Viola odorata Linnaeus Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 546. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viola cucullata | MARSH BLUE VIOLET | Native | ||
| Viola inconspicua | LONG SEPAL VIOLET; CHINESE VIOLET | Not Native | ||
| Viola labradorica | AMERICAN DOG VIOLET | Not Native FAC (NWPL) | ||
| Viola lanceolata | BOG WHITE VIOLET | Native OBL (NWPL) OBL (DEP) | ||
| Viola palmata | EARLY BLUE VIOLET | Native FACU (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Viola primulifolia | PRIMROSELEAF VIOLET | Native FACW (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Viola rafinesquei | FIELD PANSY | Native FAC (NWPL) | ||
| Viola sororia | COMMON BLUE VIOLET | Native FAC (NWPL) FACW (DEP) | ||
| Viola tricolor | JOHNNY-JUMPUP | Not Native | ||
| Viola tripartita | THREEPART VIOLET | Native Rare-State FACU (NWPL) | ||
| Viola villosa | CAROLINA VIOLET | Native FACU- (NWPL) | ||
| Viola walteri | PROSTRATE BLUE VIOLET | Native |
Identification Key
1. Plant caulescent
2
1. Plant acaulescent
6
2. Stipules usually entire; corolla yellow with dark veins especially on the lower petal
2. Stipules pectinate or lobed; corolla white to blue to purple
3
3. Stipules deeply lobed
4
3. Stipules pectinate
5
4. Corolla pale violet with darkened branched veins especially on the lower 3 petals
4. Corolla variable (e.g. white, yellow, red, violet in various combinations) with darkened unbranched streaks especially on the lower 3 petals
5. Aerial stems ascending to erect, not rooting at nodes; leaf blades venation generally concolorous with rest of blade
5. Aerial stems stoloniferous; leaf blades often with darkened venation
6. Corolla mostly white with a yellow throat and darkened veins on the lower petal
7
6. Corolla mostly pale blue to violet with a white to pale yellowish white throat and darkened veins on the lower petal
8
7. Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, (2-)2.8-25 times longer than wide, the base generally gradually tapered
7. Leaf blades narrowly ovate to ovate-deltate, 1.5–2.5 times longer than wide, the base mostly abruptly rounded to subcordate and then often tapering
8. Inner leaf blades cleft, deeply toothed, or lobed (outer leaf blades sometimes undivided)
8. Leaf blades all undivided
11
9. Leaves and peduncles glabrate; mid-season blades with 7-9 lobes, the middle lobes narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, (rarely linear), lateral lobes lanceolate or spatulate to falcate, margins usually entire, sometimes serrate, sometimes with narrowly deltate or falcate appendages or teeth, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to mucronulate
9. Leaves and peduncles pubescent or glabrous; mid-season blades with 3-9 lobes, the middle lobes usually ovate or elliptic to widely obovate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or spatulate to narrowly obovate, lateral lobes elliptic, obdeltate, or spatulate to falcate, smaller lobes similar, apex acute, rounded, blunt, or obtuse
10
10. Leaves and peduncles usually pubescent, rarely glabrous; apex of middle leaf lobe acute; plants of dry to mesic habitats
10. Leaves and peduncles usually glabrous, rarely pubescent; apex of middle leaf lobe rounded, blunt, or obtuse; plants of wet ground.
11. Leaf blades densely pubescent throughout
11. Leaf blades glabrous to sparsely or unevenly pubescent
12
12. Leaf blades deltate, 1.5-3 times longer than wide
12. Leaf blades generally ovate, mostly 1-1.5 times longer than wide
13
13. Sepal auricles 1-2 mm long
13. Sepal auricles 2-6 mm long
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chrysion | Chrysion Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 509. 1836. | TYPE: Chrysion biflorum (Linnaeus) Spach (Viola biflora Linnaeus) | |
| Dischidium | Dischidium (Gingins de la Sarraz ex de Candolle) Reichenbach, Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. 269. 1837. | BASIONYM: Viola Linnaeus, sect. Dischidium Gingins de la Sarraz ex de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 300. 1824. | TYPE: Non designatus. |
| Erpetion | Erpetion Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 1. 2: t. 170. 1826. | TYPE: Erpetion reniforme Sweet | |
| Ion | Ion Medikus, Malvenfam. 102. 1787. | TYPE: Ion tricolor (Linnaeus) Medikus (Viola tricolor Linnaeus) | |
| Lophion | Lophion Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 516. 1836. | TYPE: Lophion canadense (Linnaeus) Spach (Viola canadensis Linnaeus) | |
| Mnemion | Mnemion Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 510. 1836. | TYPE: = Ion Medikus 1787. | |
| Oionychion | Oionychion Nieuwland & Kaczmarek, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 209, 210. 1914. | TYPE: Oionychion pedatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland & Kaczmarek (Viola pedata Linnaeus) |